
مشاركة: عاوز تبدء تذاكر cma بارت واحد ابدء معايا
جزئية مهمة جدا في موضوع الرقابة الداخلية
Control Activities – Segregation of Duties
(Preventive and Detective)
·
No one person should...
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Initiate the transaction
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Approve the transaction
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Record the transaction
>
Reconcile balances
>
Handle assets
>
Review reports
·
At least two sets of eyes
Segregation of duties is critical to effective internal control; it reduces the risk of both erroneous
and inappropriate actions. In general, the approval function, the accounting/reconciling
function, and the asset custody function should be separated among employees. When these
functions cannot be separated, due to small department size, a detailed supervisory review of
related activities is required as a compensating control activity. Segregation of duties is a
deterrent to fraud because it requires collusion with another person to perpetrate a fraudulent act.
Specific examples of segregation of duties are as follows:
·
The person who requisitions the purchase of goods or services should not be the
person who approves the purchase.
·
The person who approves the purchase of goods or services should not be the person
who reconciles the monthly financial reports
The person who approves the purchase of goods or services should not be able to
obtain custody of checks.
·
The person who maintains and reconciles the accounting records should not be able
to obtain custody of checks.
·
The person who opens the mail and prepares a listing of checks received should not
be the person who makes the deposit.
·
The person who opens the mail and prepares a listing of checks received should not
be the person who maintains the accounts receivable records.
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وفيما يلي امثلة لبعض الوظائف في كل قسم التي يجب ان تكون منفصلة
A typical sales transaction may involve the following personnel activities:
Credit
Sales
Accounts receivable
Inventory/shipping
Billing
Mail
Collections/cash receipts
Bank deposits
Bank reconciliation
A typical purchase transaction may involve the following personnel activities:
Purchasing
Accounts payable
Receiving
Inventory
Cash disbursements
Bank reconciliation
A typical payroll transaction may involve the following personnel activities:
Personnel
Payroll
Cash disbursement/check preparation
Payroll delivery
Bank reconciliation
For the sales, purchase, and payroll transactional process just described, each personnel
activity should, if possible, be performed by a different employee. Cash custody
personnel should be independent of general ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable,
cash disbursements, cash receipts, and banking personnel. General ledger personnel
should at least be independent of cash custody, cash receipts, and cash disbursements
personnel and as many other employees performing activities in the transaction process as
possible. Employees responsible for making bank deposits should be independent of cash
custody, cash receipts, cash disbursements, and bank reconciliation personnel